https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/W_J5hAPri61c0sauw62Nhg

看昆明

When the temperature in the "Spring City" drops, a subtle anticipation stirs within Kunming residents. Since that winter of 1985, large flocks of black-headed gulls, dwelling in the distant north, have gradually arrived in warm Kunming. They reside and forage here, only reluctantly departing in March of the following year. This cycle has repeated for a full forty years. Through forty years of steadfast devotion, we and the black-headed gulls have journeyed from "new friends" at our first encounter to becoming each other's "old companions."

當(dāng)春城的氣溫驟降，昆明人便隱隱多了一份期待。從1985年那個(gè)冬天開(kāi)始，棲居在遙遠(yuǎn)北方的大批紅嘴鷗漸次抵達(dá)溫暖的昆明，在這里棲居、覓食，直到第二年三月才依依不舍地離開(kāi)。如此往復(fù)，至今已整整四十年。四十載溫情守望，我們與紅嘴鷗，早已從初識(shí)的“新朋友”成了彼此的“老伙計(jì)”。

"A great event has happened in Kunming City / The black-headed gulls have returned / They are everywhere / Let's go see the black-headed gulls / The sky is filled with them flying..." the famous writer and poet Yu Jian wrote in his "Black-headed Gull Collection." These few lines vividly convey the special feelings Kunming residents have for the black-headed gulls:

“昆明城出大事了/海鷗回來(lái)/到處都是/去看海鷗吧/天空下飛著的都是”……著名作家、詩(shī)人于堅(jiān)在《海鷗集》中如是寫(xiě)道。寥寥幾句，便教人望見(jiàn)昆明人對(duì)紅嘴鷗的特殊感情：

It's not a "small matter," but a "big event."

They haven't just "arrived," they have "returned."

It's not "in a few spots," but "everywhere."

Every winter, when the black-headed gulls return, they fly all over Kunming.

For the people of Kunming,

this is a major event that has been recounted for forty years.

不是“小事”，是“大事”

不是“來(lái)了”，是“回來(lái)”

不是“幾處”，是“到處”

每年冬天，紅嘴鷗回來(lái)，滿昆明城到處飛舞

對(duì)昆明人來(lái)講

是講述了四十年的大事

A Life Journey Crossing Generations

跨越世代的生命之旅

Black-headed gulls typically reach their first breeding age between 2-4 years old and then participate in migration annually. Scientific observations show that as migratory birds with a lifespan of 20-32 years, they still undertake long-distance migrations seasonally, even in their later stages of life (around 15 years and beyond). This means that the gull population we see today could represent 10 or even 20 generations present concurrently.

紅嘴鷗首次繁殖年齡通常為2-4歲，此后每年參與遷徙?？蒲杏^察顯示，作為壽命可達(dá)20-32年的候鳥(niǎo)，即使進(jìn)入老年階段（約15年以上），紅嘴鷗仍會(huì)按季節(jié)進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)距離遷徙。這意味著，我們看見(jiàn)的紅嘴鷗族群，可能是10代甚至20代同堂。

A Beautiful Coincidence Forged a Forty-Year Pact

一場(chǎng)美麗的意外，鑄就四十年約定

The black-headed gulls' choice of Kunming was not accidental. In 1985, the first group of black-headed gulls arrived in Kunming as a result of seeking refuge from the cold air in southern China. Initially wary of humans, they found an ideal wintering ground in Kunming, which boasts warm climate, vast waters of Dianchi Lake, and abundant food provided by enthusiastic citizens.

紅嘴鷗選擇昆明并非偶然。1985年，首批紅嘴鷗因躲避華南地區(qū)的冷空氣而意外抵達(dá)昆明。它們最初對(duì)人類(lèi)充滿警惕，但昆明溫暖的氣候、滇池提供的廣闊水域，以及市民們熱情的投喂，讓它們找到了理想的越冬地。

Birds have extremely stringent requirements for habitats, especially migratory birds. The black-headed gulls have returned year after year, with their numbers growing from an initial few thousand to a stable nearly 40,000 today. This is a testament to Kunming's continuously improving ecological environment and offers the most compelling proof of "Blue Kunming," "Clear Dianchi," and "Green Spring City."

鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)對(duì)棲息地的要求極為苛刻，尤其是候鳥(niǎo)。紅嘴鷗年復(fù)一年地歸來(lái)，數(shù)量從最初的數(shù)千只增長(zhǎng)到如今穩(wěn)定的近4萬(wàn)只，這背后是昆明持續(xù)改善的生態(tài)環(huán)境，也是“昆明藍(lán)”“滇池清”“春城綠”最有力的證明。

Guardianship is a Two-Way Journey

守護(hù)，是一場(chǎng)雙向奔赴

The forty-year "Spring City Pact" is not simply a matter of feeding and watching, but a deeper symbiotic relationship.

四十載“春城之約”，并非簡(jiǎn)單的投喂與觀賞，而是一種深層次的共生關(guān)系。

On December 12, 1985, the People's Government of Kunming Municipality issued a notice to protect black-headed gulls, requiring all citizens to foster a good social trend of loving and protecting birds.

1985年12月12日，昆明市人民政府發(fā)布保護(hù)紅嘴鷗的通告，要求全市人民樹(shù)立愛(ài)鳥(niǎo)護(hù)鳥(niǎo)的良好社會(huì)風(fēng)尚。

In January 1986, the People's Government of Yunnan Province allocated 30,000 yuan as funds for the protection of black-headed gulls, and the Kunming environmental protection department set up feeding stations. The Black-headed Gull Research Group at Yunnan University began banding research on the gulls.

1986年1月，云南省政府撥款3萬(wàn)元作為保護(hù)紅嘴鷗的費(fèi)用，并由昆明環(huán)保部門(mén)設(shè)點(diǎn)投食。云南大學(xué)紅嘴鷗課題組開(kāi)始對(duì)紅嘴鷗的環(huán)志研究。

On November 1, 2023, the "Regulations on Civilized Observation of Black-headed Gulls in Kunming City" were implemented, providing a legal basis for protection efforts.

2023年11月1日《昆明市文明觀賞紅嘴鷗規(guī)定》實(shí)施，為保護(hù)工作提供了法律依據(jù)。

Today, Kunming also utilizes technologies such as AI intelligent bird observation systems and voiceprint recognition to scientifically research the migration behavior and patterns of black-headed gulls, making protection efforts more precise and efficient.

如今，昆明市還運(yùn)用AI智慧鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)多元觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)、聲紋圖譜識(shí)別等技術(shù)，對(duì)紅嘴鷗的遷徙行為和規(guī)律進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究，使保護(hù)工作更加精準(zhǔn)高效。

This protection model, led by the government, driven by scholars, and participated in by the general public—from experts to ordinary citizens and tourists—has built a unique humanistic environment, allowing the black-headed gulls to feel safe and welcome.

從專(zhuān)家學(xué)者到普通市民、游客，這種由政府主導(dǎo)、學(xué)者發(fā)力、公眾參與的保護(hù)模式，構(gòu)建了獨(dú)特的人文環(huán)境，讓紅嘴鷗感受到安全與友好。

Ecological Answer Sheet: The Best Proof of Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains

生態(tài)答卷：綠水青山的最好證明

In the forty years since the black-headed gulls first overwintered in Kunming, the city's efforts in ecological civilization construction have intensified, and its environment has become increasingly beautiful.

紅嘴鷗首次抵昆越冬后的四十年里，昆明的生態(tài)文明建設(shè)力度越來(lái)越大，環(huán)境越來(lái)越美。

Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," over 62,900 mu of ecological belts have been built along the shores of Dianchi Lake. The variety of plants in these ecological belts has increased to 303 species, bird species to 175, and fish species have recovered to 26. Biodiversity has significantly improved, providing richer food sources and a safer habitat for the black-headed gulls.

“十四五”以來(lái)，滇池沿岸已建成湖濱生態(tài)帶6.29萬(wàn)畝，生態(tài)帶的植物增至303種，鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)175種、魚(yú)類(lèi)恢復(fù)至26種，生物多樣性得到顯著提升，為紅嘴鷗提供了更豐富的食物來(lái)源和更安全的棲息環(huán)境。

The encounter between the black-headed gulls and Kunming has long transcended a seasonal migration of a bird species; it has evolved into an ecological tale that has spanned forty years and represents a mutual journey.

紅嘴鷗與昆明的相遇，早已超越了一種鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的季節(jié)性遷徙，演變?yōu)橐粓?chǎng)持續(xù)四十載、雙向奔赴的生態(tài)佳話。

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